Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence exhibited by
machines or software. It is also the name of the academic field of study which
studies how to create computers and computer software that are capable of intelligent behavior. AI research is highly
technical and specialized, and is deeply divided into subfields that often fail
to communicate with each other. The central problems (or goals) of AI research
include reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, natural
language processing (communication), perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects. There are a large number
of tools used in AI, including versions of search
and mathematical optimization, logic, methods based on probability and
economics, and many others. The AI field is interdisciplinary, in which a
number of sciences and professions converge, including computer science, mathematics,psychology, linguistics, philosophy and neuroscience,
as well as other specialized fields such as artificial
psychology.
Certain applications of AI are
·
Computer
vision, Virtual reality and Image processing.
·
Diagnosis
(artificial intelligence)
·
Game
theory and Strategic planning.
·
Game
artificial intelligence and Computer game bot.
·
Natural
language processing, Translation and Chatterbots.
·
Nonlinear
control and Robotics.
These applications are certainly useful in so many
fields in different ways.
They are:
Computer science:
Time sharing, interactive
interpreters, graphical user
interfaces and the computer mouse, rapid development environments, the linked list data structure, automatic storage management, symbolic programming, functional programming, dynamic programming and object-oriented
programming.
Finance:
Banks use AI systems to organize operations, invest in
stocks, and manage properties, Fraud detection, simulated financial trading, to detect charges or claims outside of the
norm, flagging these for human investigation.
Hospitals
and Medicine:
This is a key
area where AI is playing a crucial role in developing ultra modern technologies
to detect and cure diseases, treat patients etc. to organize bed
schedules, make a staff rotation, and provide medical information and other
important tasks.
Artificial neural networks are used as clinical decision
support systems for medical diagnosis, such as in Concept
Processing technology in EMR software.
Other tasks in medicine that can potentially be performed by artificial
intelligence include:
·
Computer-aided
interpretation of medical images. Such systems help scan digital images, e.g. from computed
tomography, for typical appearances and to highlight conspicuous sections, such
as possible diseases. A typical application is the detection of a tumor.
·
Heart
sound analysis
·
Heavy
Industries:
Robots have become common in many industries.
They are often given jobs that are considered dangerous to humans. Robots have
proven effective in jobs that are very repetitive which may lead to mistakes or
accidents due to a lapse in concentration and other jobs which humans may find
degrading.
Interestingly, Japan is the leader in using and producing
robots in the world. In 1999, 1,700,000 robots were in use worldwide.
Some of the other fields that
use AI significantly are
·
Online telephone and customer
service
·
Transportation
·
Telecommunication services and
maintenance
·
Toys and games
·
Music
·
Aviation
·
News, publishing and writing
Various tools of artificial
intelligence are also being widely deployed in homeland security, speech and text
recognition, data mining, and e-mail spam filtering. Applications are also being
developed for gesture recognition (understanding of sign language by
machines), individual voice
recognition, global voice recognition (from a variety of people in a noisy
room), facial expression recognition for interpretation of emotion and non
verbal cues. Other applications are robot
navigation, obstacle avoidance, and object
recognition.
Amazon
is now planning to deliver orders through drones in remote locations using
Artificial Intellegence.
Apple
has recently aquired two Artificial Intellegence(AI) companies so as to deal
with competitve advantage over other companies.
References:
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